Solanaceae Source

A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family

Solanum ×blanco-galdosii

Citation author: 
Ochoa
Citation: 
Anales Ci., Univ. Nac. Agrar., Lima 11(3-4): 157-160. 1973.
Type: 
Peru. Cajamarca: Prov. Cajamarca, vicinities of Huacarumi, “Comprensión de San Marcos” in jalca, 2700 m, Apr 1971, C. Ochoa 2714 (holotype, CUZ; isotypes, CUZ-2 sheets, US00478707).
Last edited by: 
Spooner, D.M.
Written by: 
Spooner, D.M. & M. Ames
Habit: 
Herbs 0.2-0.9 m tall, erect. Stems 2-7 mm in diameter at base of plant, green to green mottled with purple, usually unwinged, glabrous; tubers typically moniliform (multiple tubers arranged along the stolon like beads on a necklace).
Sympodial structure: 
Sympodial units tri- to plurifoliate, not geminate.
Leaves: 
Leaves odd-pinnate, the blades 3-9 x 1.5-5 cm, dark green adaxially, light green abaxially, coriaceous, glabrous to glabrescent adaxially with white short hairs, glabrous abaxially; lateral leaflet pairs 4-6, decreasing in size toward the leaf base, with the terminal leaflet subequal to the laterals; most distal lateral leaflets 0.8-2.6 x 0.2-0.5 cm, elliptic, the apex acute to acuminate, the base typically petiolulate and attenuate to rounded, symmetric, sometimes with secondary interjected leaflets in the petiolule; terminal leaflet 1.2-3.5 x 0.3-0.5 cm, elliptic, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; interjected leaflets 0-27, usually decurrent onto the rachis, lanceolate; petioles 0-0.3 cm, glabrous. Pseudostipules 3-4 mm long, glabrous.
Inflorescences: 
Inflorescences 2.5-8 cm, terminal with a subtending axillary bud, generally in distal half of the plant, forked, with 2-20 flowers, with all flowers apparently perfect, the axes glabrous; peduncle 1-12 cm long; pedicels 14-38 mm long in flower and fruit, spaced 3-5 mm apart, articulated high in the distal half.
Flowers: 
Flowers homostylous, 5-merous. Calyx 3-5 mm long, the tube 1-2 mm, the lobes 1-2 mm, usually ovate, with linear acumens 1-2 mm long, glabrous. Corolla 2.8-4.2 cm in diameter, pentagonal to rotate, lilac to blue, the tube 1-2 mm long, the acumens 2-3 mm long, the corolla edges flat, not folded dorsally, glabrous abaxially and adaxially. Stamens with the filaments 1-2 mm long; anthers 5-7 mm long, lanceolate, connivent, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 3-10 mm x ca. 1 mm, exceeding stamens by 1-5 mm, straight, glabrous; stigma clavate to capitate.
Fruits: 
Fruit a globose to ovoid berry, 1-2.5 cm wide, 1.6-2.5 mm long, medium to deep green with dark green stripes or tiny white dots when ripe, glabrous.
Seeds: 
Seeds from living specimens ovoid and ca. 2 mm long, whitish to greenish in fresh condition and drying brownish, with a thick covering of “hair-like” lateral walls of the testal cells that make the seeds mucilaginous when wet, green-white throughout; testal cells honeycomb-shaped when lateral walls removed by enzyme digestion.
Chromosome number: 

2n = 2x = 24 voucher: Ochoa 13009 (CIP) (Hijmans, et al. 2007)

Distribution: 

Solanum ×blanco-galdosii is only known from northern Peru (Depts. Ancash, Cajamarca and La Libertad), on eroded slopes, near field crops in dry soils, 2700-3260 m in elevation.

Phenology: 
Flowering and fruiting from February to June.
Phylogeny: 

Solanum ×blanco-galdosii is a member of Solanum sect. Petota Dumort., the tuber-bearing cultivated and wild potatoes. Within sect. Petota, Solanum ×blanco-galdosii is a member of a distinctive clade of southern Ecuadorian and Peruvian species formerly classified in series Piurana and some other series that frequently possess moniliform tubers and shiny coriaceous leaves. On a higher taxonomic level, it is a member of the informally-named Potato Clade, a group of perhaps 200-300 species that also includes the tomato and its wild relatives (Bohs, 2005).

Commentary: 

Solanum ×blanco-galdosii is morphologically similar to S. anamatophilum. Both species possess narrow lanceolate leaflets and lilac to blue corollas. They differ because S. ×blanco-galdosii has interjected leaflets and S. anamatophilum does not. According to Ochoa (1999) S. ×blanco-galdosii is a hybrid species originating from the cross between S. peloquinianum (now S. anamatophilum) and S. chomatophilum.

References: 

Ochoa, C.M. 1999. Las papas de sudamerica: Peru (Parte I).
Lima, Peru: International Potato Center.

Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequences.
Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D’Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Hijmans, R., T. Gavrilenko, S. Stephenson, J. Bamberg, A. Salas & D.M. Spooner 2007. Geographic and environmental range expansion through polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota).
Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 16: 485-495.

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